Sylvestre Mudacumura is the overall commander of the military wing of the rebel Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), known as the Forces Combattants Abacunguzi (FOCA). He was the deputy commander of the Presidential Guard of the Rwandan Armed Forces during the 1994 genocide. Described as being age 55 in 2009, prior to the genocide he attended "the leadership academy of the armed forces in Hamburg" on a two year scholarship. (This institution appears almost certainly to have been the Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr.) Following the genocide, it is believed Mudacumura's wife and children were moved to Germany with the help of FDLR political leader Ignace Murwanashyaka.