The Battle of the Upper Baetis was fought in 211 BC between a Carthaginian force led by Hasdrubal Barca (Hannibal's brother) and a Roman force led by Publius Cornelius Scipio and his brother Gnaeus. The immediate result was a Carthaginian victory in which both Roman brothers were killed. Before this defeat, the brothers had spent seven years (218BC - 211BC) in Hispania, which in turn had limited the resources available to Hannibal who was simultaneously fighting the Romans in Italy. These two battles also represent the only victories in major land battles in which Hannibal was not in command of the Carthaginian armies during the 2nd Punic War.