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Thirty Years' War

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The Thirty Years' War was one of the multiple Earth conflicts from which the War Lords took combatants for their War Games. It was given its own zone. The survivors were returned to Earth when the War Lords were defeated. (TV: The War Games) This war took place in the 17th century. (AUDIO: The Witch from the Well) The Thirty Years' War was a major conflict that occurred in Europe from 1618 to 1648. Its major belligerents included France,Sweden, Austria, Denmark, and numerous princes of the Holy Roman Empire. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily (though not exclusively) in Germany and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. Naval warfare also reached overseas and shaped the colonial formation of future nations.

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150000 75000 35000 Total: 566,000 - 636,000 6000 Approx: 20,000 Hungarian and Croatian cavalry Total: 420,000 - 520,000 Approx: 100–150,000 Germans 300000 100 20 30

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1618

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Gabriel Bethlen Louis II de Bourbon William of Nassau Albrecht von Wallenstein Cardinal Richelieu Christian I of Anhalt-Bernburg Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly n29: Fadrique de Toledo n31: Jindrich Matyas Thurn n36: Axel Oxenstierna Johan Banér Duke of Feria Vicomte de Turenne 17 Hendrik Casimir I Antonio de Oquendo Ferdinand II Gustav Horn n41: Maarten Tromp n46: Ernst von Mansfeld n49: Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim Maximilian I of Bavaria Franz von Mercy Ambrosio Spinola Francisco de Melo Frederik Hendrik of Orange Lennart Torstenson Marquis de Feuquieres Diego Felipez de Guzmán Duke of Buckingham Gustavus II Adolphus Carlos Coloma Christian IV of Denmark Frederick I-V Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba Johann von Werth Count-Duke of Olivares Ernst Casimir Osman II Ferdinand III Louis XIII of France Alexander Leslie n82: Carl Gustaf Wrangel Bohdan Khmelnytsky n84: Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand Johann Georg I of Saxony Philip IV of Spain Piet Pieterszoon Hein Charles X Gustav Maurice of Nassau

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n21: 1632

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Les Grandes Misères de la guerre by Jacques Callot, 1632

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8000000

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Peace of Westphalia * Habsburg supremacy curtailed * Rise of France and the Bourbon dynasty * Rise of the Swedish Empire * Decline of feudalism * Decentralization of the Holy Roman Empire * Franco-Spanish War until 1659 * Substantial decline in the power and influence of the Catholic Church Congress of Copenhagen *Habsburg supremacy curtailed *Effective end of the Holy Roman Empire *Establishment of Austria-Hungary *German unification; formation of the United States of Europe Peace of Westphalia *Habsburg supremacy curtailed *Rise of the Bourbon dynasty *Rise of the Swedish Empire *Decentralization of the Holy Roman Empire *Franco-Spanish War until 1659 *Substantial decline in the power and influence of the Catholic Church

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Electoral Palatinate Transylvania 17 Brandenburg-Prussia 23 Roman Catholic States and Allies *Holy Roman Empire **Catholic League **Austria **Bohemia **Bavaria *Spain *Denmark Protestant States and Allies Sweden Denmark-Norway Roman Catholic States and Allies *Holy Roman Empire **Catholic League **Austria **Bohemia **Bavaria *Spain *Denmark *France *England Protestant States and Allies *Sweden *France *Bohemia *Denmark *Saxony *Dutch Republic *England *Scotland *Ottoman Empire *New United States *United States of Europe Protestant States and Allies *Sweden *France *Bohemia *Denmark *Saxony *Dutch Republic *England *Scotland *Ottoman Empire Zaporozhian Cossacks Roman Catholic States and Allies * Catholic League * Austria * Bohemia Spanish Empire Bohemia Hungarian Anti-Habsburg Rebels

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Europe

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Thirty Years' War

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The Thirty Years' War was one of the multiple Earth conflicts from which the War Lords took combatants for their War Games. It was given its own zone. The survivors were returned to Earth when the War Lords were defeated. (TV: The War Games) This war took place in the 17th century. (AUDIO: The Witch from the Well) The Thirty Years' War was a major conflict that occurred in Europe from 1618 to 1648. Its major belligerents included France,Sweden, Austria, Denmark, and numerous princes of the Holy Roman Empire. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily (though not exclusively) in Germany and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. Naval warfare also reached overseas and shaped the colonial formation of future nations. The origins of the conflict and goals of the participants were complex and no one cause can accurately be described as the main reason for the fighting. Initially the war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, although disputes over the internal politics and balance of power within the Empire played a significant part. Gradually the war developed into a more general conflict involving most of the European powers. In this general phase the war became more a continuation of the Bourbon-Habsburg rivalry for European political pre-eminence, and in turn led to further warfare between France and the Habsburg powers, and less specifically about religion. A major impact of the Thirty Years' War was the extensive destruction of entire regions, denuded by the foraging armies. Episodes of famine and disease significantly decreased the populace of the German states and the Low Countries and Italy, while bankrupting most of the combatant powers. While the regiments within each army were not strictly mercenary in that they were not guns for hire that changed sides from battle to battle, the individual soldiers that made up the regiments for the most part probably were. The problem of discipline was made more difficult still by the ad hoc nature of 17th century military financing. Armies were expected to be largely self-funding from contributions from the local regions: in other words, whatever they could take. This encouraged a form of lawlessness that must have made the non-combatants' lives difficult, to say the least. Some of the quarrels that provoked the war went unresolved for a much longer time. The Thirty Years' War was ended with the treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, a part of the wider Peace of Westphalia.

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