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.45 Colt

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The .45 Colt cartridge is a handgun cartridge dating to 1872. It began as a black powder revolver round developed for the Colt Single Action Army revolver, but is offered as a magnum level handgun hunting round in modern usage. This cartridge was adopted by the U.S. Army in 1873 and served as the official US military handgun cartridge for 19 years. It is sometimes, although incorrectly, referred to as .45 Long Colt or .45LC to differentiate it from the shorter .45 Schofield, as both were used by the army at the same period of time The .45 Colt was a joint development between Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company, of Hartford, Connecticut, and the Union Metallic Cartridge Company of Bridgeport, Conn. Colt began work on the revolver in 1871, and submitted a sample to the U.S. Army in late 1872. The revolver was accepted for purchase in 1873. |- ! colspan="3" style="background: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" | .45 Colt |- | colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.25em;" | Image:45 Colt - 1.jpg |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Type | colspan="2" | Revolver |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Place of origin | colspan="2" | Image:Flag of the United States.svg United States |- ! colspan="3" style="background: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" | Service history |- |- | Production history |- |- |- | Specifications |- mm ) mm ) |- mm ) mm )

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1.6

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325 200 255 250 230

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Accurate Powder

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Large pistol Large Pistol

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1267 473 479 480 523

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0.45

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1325 929 969 961 1032

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1.285

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14000

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0.48

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Rimmed, straight

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0.512

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0.06

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41.6

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1.0 1

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0.454

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14000

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1872

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The .45 Colt cartridge is a handgun cartridge dating to 1872. It began as a black powder revolver round developed for the Colt Single Action Army revolver, but is offered as a magnum level handgun hunting round in modern usage. This cartridge was adopted by the U.S. Army in 1873 and served as the official US military handgun cartridge for 19 years. It is sometimes, although incorrectly, referred to as .45 Long Colt or .45LC to differentiate it from the shorter .45 Schofield, as both were used by the army at the same period of time The .45 Colt was a joint development between Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company, of Hartford, Connecticut, and the Union Metallic Cartridge Company of Bridgeport, Conn. Colt began work on the revolver in 1871, and submitted a sample to the U.S. Army in late 1872. The revolver was accepted for purchase in 1873. The cartridge is an inside lubricated type. The rebated heel type bullet design of its predecessor, the .44 Colt (.452 -.454" diameter bullet), was eliminated, since it was an outside lubricated type, which would pick up dirt and grit during handling. The .45 Colt replaced the .50 caliber Model 1871 Remington single shot pistol and the various cap-and-ball revolvers converted to take metallic cartridges in use at the time. While the Colt remained popular, the Smith & Wesson M1875 Army Schofield Revolver was approved as an alternate. The S&W revolver used the .45 Schofield, a shorter cartridge, which would work in the Colt, so Frankford Arsenal, then almost exclusive supplier of small arms ammunition to the U.S. Army, dropped production of the Colt round. The M1875 round was replaced by the .38 Long Colt in 1892. In 1909, the .45 M1909 round was issued along with the Colt New Service revolver. This round was never loaded commercially, and is almost identical to the original Colt round, except having a larger diameter rim. The rim is large enough that it cannot be loaded in adjacent chambers in the rod-ejector Colt model. The .45 Colt remains popular with renewed interest in Cowboy Action Shooting. Additionally, the round has seen resurgence as a cartridge in handgun hunting and Metallic Silhouette Shooting competitions beginning in the 1950s with the introduction of stronger heavier framed handguns. It became the basis for rounds such as the .454 Casull. |- ! colspan="3" style="background: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" | .45 Colt |- | colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.25em;" | Image:45 Colt - 1.jpg |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Type | colspan="2" | Revolver |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Place of origin | colspan="2" | Image:Flag of the United States.svg United States |- ! colspan="3" style="background: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" | Service history |- |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Used by | colspan="2" | Image:Flag of the United States.svg United States |- |- ! colspan="3" style="background: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" | Production history |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Designer | colspan="2" | United States Army |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Designed | colspan="2" | 1872 |- |- |- |- |- ! colspan="3" style="background: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" | Specifications |- |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Case type | colspan="2" | Rimmed, straight |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Bullet diameter | colspan="2" | in (mm ) |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Neck diameter | colspan="2" | in (mm ) |- |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Base diameter | colspan="2" | in (mm ) |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Rim diameter | colspan="2" | in (mm ) |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Rim thickness | colspan="2" | in (mm ) |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Case length | colspan="2" | in (mm ) |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Overall length | colspan="2" | in (mm ) |- |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Rifling twist | colspan="2" | 1-38 in |- ! style="padding-right: 1em;" | Primer type | colspan="2" | Large pistol |- |- |- |- |- |- |- ! colspan="3" style="background: lightsteelblue; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" | Ballistic performance |- style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; background: #DEDEDE;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" ! Bullet weight/type ! Velocity ! Energy |- style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;" | style="vertical-align:middle; border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; " | gr (g) Lead SWC||style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; "| ft/s (m/s) ||style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; "| ft·lbf (J) |- style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;" | style="vertical-align:middle; border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; " | gr (g) XTP||style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; "| ft/s (m/s) ||style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; "| ft·lbf (J) |- style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;" | style="vertical-align:middle; border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; " | gr (g) XTP||style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; "| ft/s (m/s) ||style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; "| ft·lbf (J) |- style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;" | style="vertical-align:middle; border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; " | gr (g) XTP||style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; "| ft/s (m/s) ||style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa; "| ft·lbf (J) |- style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;" |- | colspan="3" style="text-align: center; padding-top: 5px; font-size: 90%;" | Test barrel length: inches (mm ) Source: Accurate Powder |} The .45 Colt cartridge was developed by the United States Army at Frankford Arsenal in 1872 as an improvement of the British .476 Eley to replace the standard issue Smith and Wesson .44 round in the famous Colt Single Action Army, often known as the Peacemaker single action revolver. The United States Army adopted the cartridge in 1873 and it remained in use until 1877 when the army went to the M1877 ball revolver load. The new round was shorter than the original in case length and used a reduced powder charge of approximately grains (g ) of black powder vs the grains (g ) in the original. All Colt army revolvers were still chambered to fit the longer .45 cartridge case. In 1892 it was replaced by the .38 Long Colt. The United States Army briefly reintroduced the .45 Colt in 1902 for use in the Philippines, but it was made obsolete by new automatic pistols firing .45 ACP.