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Colombian conflict (1964–present)

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It is historically rooted in the conflict known as La Violencia, which was triggered by the 1948 assassination of populist political leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, and in the aftermath of United States-backed strong anti-communism repression in rural Colombia in the 1960s that led Liberal and Communist militants to re-organize into FARC. In February 2008, millions of Colombians demonstrated against the FARC. 26,648 FARC and ELN combatants have decided to demobilize since 2002. During these years the military forces of the Republic of Colombia managed to be strengthened.

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National Police: 145,871 Air Force: 13,108 FARC: 7,000 - 10,000 ELN: 1,380 - 3000 IRAFP: ~80 ---- Paramilitary successor groups, including the Black Eagles: 3,749 – 13,000 Army: 238,889

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1964

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Rodrigo Tovar Pupo Alvaro Uribe Velez César Gaviria Trujillo Vicente Castaño n18: ELN Diego Murillo Timoleón Jiménez FARC Juan Manuel Santos ---- Fidel Castaño Francisco Galán Iván Márquez Carlos Castaño Ernesto Samper Pizano Mauricio Jaramillo Joaquín Gómez Antonio García Andrés Pastrana Arango

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Bottom: Colombian Army Blackhawks transporting troops to the area of combat Top: FARC guerrillas

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Since 2002, 34,512 guerrillas captured, 13,197 killed Army and Police: 4,286 killed, 13,076 injured FARC: 12,981 demobilized ELN: 2,789 demobilized

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: Demobilized : Dismantled total casualties=50,000–200,000 total people displaced= 2,400,000–4,000,000

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*FARC *ELN *EPL *M-19 *MOEC *CGSB *MAQL *ERC *GRA *IRAFP *PRT Supported by: Guerrillas Colombian government *Army *Navy *Air Force *National Police Supported by: *AUC *AAA *CONVIVIR *Black Eagles *Los Rastrojos *Los Urabeños *Libertadores del Vichada *Bloque Meta *Other paramilitary successor groups ---- Paramilitaries United States

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Colombia

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Colombian conflict

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It is historically rooted in the conflict known as La Violencia, which was triggered by the 1948 assassination of populist political leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, and in the aftermath of United States-backed strong anti-communism repression in rural Colombia in the 1960s that led Liberal and Communist militants to re-organize into FARC. The reasons for fighting vary from group to group. The FARC and other guerrilla movements claim to be fighting for the rights of the poor in Colombia to protect them from government violence and to provide social justice through socialism. The Colombian government claims to be fighting for order and stability, and seeking to protect the rights and interests of its citizens. The paramilitary groups claim to be reacting to perceived threats by guerrilla movements. Both guerrilla and paramilitary groups have been accused of engaging in drug trafficking and terrorism. All of the parties engaged in the conflict have been criticized for numerous human rights violations. The armed conflict in Colombia is rooted in a combination of causes that are based on the economic, political and social situation in the country 50 years ago. In the early period (1974-1982), guerrilla groups like the FARC, the ELN and others focused on slogan of greater equality through socialism, and they came to have support from some sections of the local population. However, the armed action changed since the mid-1980s when Colombia granted greater political independence and strengthened fiscal policy of local governments, that is why the Colombian Government strengthened its institutional presence in the country. In 1985, the FARC co-created the left-wing Patriotic Union (UP) political party. Eventually, the UP distanced itself from insurgent groups. However, "right-wing paramilitaries apparently linked to the armed forces" committed a mass murder of the party members during the 1980s and 90s. After the Colombian Government dismantled many of the drug cartels that appeared in the country during the 1980s, left-wing guerrilla groups and rightwing paramilitary organizations resumed some of their drug-trafficking activities and resorted to extortion and kidnapping for financing. These activities led to a loss of support from the local population. During the presidency of Álvaro Uribe, the government applied more military pressure on the FARC and other outlawed groups. After the offensive, many security indicators improved. Since 2002 the violence decreased significantly, with some paramilitary groups demobilizing as part of a controversial peace process and the guerrillas lost control of much of the territory they had once dominated. Colombia achieved a great decrease in cocaine production, leading White House drug czar R. Gil Kerlikowske to announce that Colombia is no longer the world's biggest producer of cocaine. In February 2008, millions of Colombians demonstrated against the FARC. 26,648 FARC and ELN combatants have decided to demobilize since 2002. During these years the military forces of the Republic of Colombia managed to be strengthened. The Peace process in Colombia, 2012 refers to the dialogue between the Colombian government and guerrilla of FARC-EP with the aim to find a political solution to the armed conflict. The Colombian government and rebel groups meet in Cuba. As of November 2013, the talks have represented breakthroughs. The Government also began a process of assistance and reparation for victims of conflict. Recently, U.P. supporters reconstituted the political party, within the process of reconciliation. According to a study by Colombia's National Centre for Historical Memory, 220,000 people have died in the conflict between 1958 and 2013, most of them civilians.

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