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California Republic

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The California Republic (in Spanish "República de California"), also Bear Flag Republic or Bear Republic, refers to a period of revolt by American settlers in the Mexican territory of Alta California against Mexico. Revolt was initially proclaimed in Sonoma on June 14, 1846, before news of the outbreak of the Mexican–American War had reached the area. Although participants declared independence from Mexico, they failed to form a functional provisional government. Thus, the "republic" never exercised any real authority, and it was never recognized by any nation. In fact, most of Alta California knew nothing about it. The revolt lasted 26 days, at the end of which the U.S. Army arrived to occupy the area. Once the leaders of the revolt knew the United States was claiming the area, they disba The California Republic, commonly referred to as California or the Republic, was a country consisting of 10 states existing from 1848 to 1858. It originally constituted a part of Alta California, territory under the control of Mexico, which had gained the land from Spain following its independence in 1821. The California Republic was a short-lived, unrecognized state that, for a few weeks in 1846, militarily controlled the area to the north of the San Francisco Bay in the present-day California state

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Late modern - Industrialization

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1848

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yes

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California Republic

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Congress

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1848

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Sierra

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California dollar

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None

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English, Spanish

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President

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"Forever free and independent"

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Flag of the Centralist Republic of Mexico.svg Lone Star Flag.png

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1858

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Flag of Sierra.png

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Senate House of Representatives

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1848-02-02 1858-11-27 1846-06-14

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al

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n21: Bear Flag Revolt

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Vice President

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República de California

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1856 1848

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wikipedia:Centralist Republic of Mexico Provisional Republic of California

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Lower House Upper House

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Bear flag digital.png

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yes

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1848 1856

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California

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The California Republic, commonly referred to as California or the Republic, was a country consisting of 10 states existing from 1848 to 1858. It originally constituted a part of Alta California, territory under the control of Mexico, which had gained the land from Spain following its independence in 1821. The Republic was declared on June 14, 1846 during the outbreak of the Mexican-American War when several American and Californio citizens seized government property in Sonoma and established the Sonoma Barracks as its headquarters. With the assistance of the Americans and Texans, California gained its independence officially through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848 after Mexico formally surrendered. The Republic lasted for a mere decade, riddled with corruption, debt, and lack of enforcement, coupled with poor resources, infrastructure, and organization. The Californian Congress established a constitutional convention in 1857, responding to public demand for a stronger, more competent government. In 1858, the Constitution of 1858 was drafted, ratified, and promulgated, thereby establishing the Kingdom of Sierra and ending the Republic. Attempts to reestablish the Republic were nearly realized during the Sierran Civil War as the "Second California Republic", but were ultimately defeated. In contemporary times, the Republic has been viewed as an experimental and critical stage in Sierran history as its people enjoyed independence and freedom, and managed to avoid becoming absorbed into the United States. The California Republic (in Spanish "República de California"), also Bear Flag Republic or Bear Republic, refers to a period of revolt by American settlers in the Mexican territory of Alta California against Mexico. Revolt was initially proclaimed in Sonoma on June 14, 1846, before news of the outbreak of the Mexican–American War had reached the area. Although participants declared independence from Mexico, they failed to form a functional provisional government. Thus, the "republic" never exercised any real authority, and it was never recognized by any nation. In fact, most of Alta California knew nothing about it. The revolt lasted 26 days, at the end of which the U.S. Army arrived to occupy the area. Once the leaders of the revolt knew the United States was claiming the area, they disbanded their "republic" and supported the U.S. federal effort to annex Alta California.[citation needed] The California Republic is notable for creation of the "(Grizzly) Bear Flag", whose symbols were later incorporated into the California state flag — including the words "California Republic." The California Republic was a short-lived, unrecognized state that, for a few weeks in 1846, militarily controlled the area to the north of the San Francisco Bay in the present-day California state