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Maniraptora

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Maniraptora ("hand snatchers") is a clade of coelurosaurian dinosaurs which includes the birds and the dinosaurs that were more closely related to them than to Ornithomimus velox. It contains the major subgroups Avialae, Deinonychosauria, Oviraptorosauria and Therizinosauria. Ornitholestes and the Alvarezsauridae are also often included. Together with the next closest sister group, the Ornithomimosauria, Maniraptora comprises the more inclusive clade Maniraptoriformes. Maniraptorans first appear in the fossil record during the Jurassic Period (see Eshanosaurus). Many maniraptorans were feathered, and are regarded as surviving today as over 9,000 species of living birds. Maniraptora is a clade used in phylogenetic taxonomy which covers the birds and the dinosaurs that were most closely related to them. It is a sister group to Ornithomimiformes and contains the major subgroups Deinonychosauria, Oviraptorosauria and Therizinosauria, and Aves. Modern pennaceous feathers and remiges are present in almost all known maniraptoran subgroups, and powered flight is present in members of Aves and probably Dromaeosauridae.

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See text.

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Class

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Superorder

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Order

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Maniraptora (Gauthier, 1986)

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Subgroups

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Maniraptorans

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The hands of Deinonychus and Archaeopteryx are typical of maniraptorans.

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Gauthier, 1986

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Jurassic - Recent Late Jurassic–Recent, Possible Early Jurassic record.

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* Scansoriopterygidae * ?Alvarezsauridae * Oviraptorosauria * Therizinosauria * Deinonychosauria * Aves

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Maniraptora

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Sauropsida

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Animalia

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Maniraptora is a clade used in phylogenetic taxonomy which covers the birds and the dinosaurs that were most closely related to them. It is a sister group to Ornithomimiformes and contains the major subgroups Deinonychosauria, Oviraptorosauria and Therizinosauria, and Aves. Maniraptors are characterized by elongated arms and hands, as well as a semi-lunate carpal bone in the wrist (carpus). Other basal traits common to all maniraptors include the presence of a furcula (wishbone), a distally shortened and stiffened tail, feathers, and an elongated, backwards-pointing pubis. The 'killer claw', which characterizes dromaeosaurs may also be a basal trait. Several of these traits, such as the furcula and backwards-pointed pubis, as well as a perforated acetabulum (a trait common to all dinosaurs) are apparently absent in the Scansoriopterygidae, though all known specimens are hatchlings, and their odd mix of "primitive" and "advanced" features could be due to ontogeny (i.e., their early stage of physical development). At least a few scientists consider them truly primitive, and hypothesize that maniraptorans may have branched off from theropods at a very early point, or may even have descended from pre-theropod dinosaurs (Czerkas & Yuan, 2002). Modern pennaceous feathers and remiges are present in almost all known maniraptoran subgroups, and powered flight is present in members of Aves and probably Dromaeosauridae. Maniraptora ("hand snatchers") is a clade of coelurosaurian dinosaurs which includes the birds and the dinosaurs that were more closely related to them than to Ornithomimus velox. It contains the major subgroups Avialae, Deinonychosauria, Oviraptorosauria and Therizinosauria. Ornitholestes and the Alvarezsauridae are also often included. Together with the next closest sister group, the Ornithomimosauria, Maniraptora comprises the more inclusive clade Maniraptoriformes. Maniraptorans first appear in the fossil record during the Jurassic Period (see Eshanosaurus). Many maniraptorans were feathered, and are regarded as surviving today as over 9,000 species of living birds.

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