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British electric multiple units

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Electric railways began in Britain in 1883 and the first electric multiple unit ran on the Liverpool Overhead Railway in 1893. In the early 20th century systems were developed where all the motors on a train could be controlled by a low voltage signal from any cab. Due to problems using steam locomotives underground, the underground railways in London and Liverpool were early adopters of 600V DC electric traction and by 1907 underground railways in London and some provincial cities were running electric trains. A 6.7 kV 25 Hz overhead system was also used from 1908. After the railway companies were grouped in 1923, the Southern Railway greatly expanded the 3rd rail DC electricification, replacing some early AC electrification. Overhead lines at 1500 V DC were planned and installed just bef

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Electric railways began in Britain in 1883 and the first electric multiple unit ran on the Liverpool Overhead Railway in 1893. In the early 20th century systems were developed where all the motors on a train could be controlled by a low voltage signal from any cab. Due to problems using steam locomotives underground, the underground railways in London and Liverpool were early adopters of 600V DC electric traction and by 1907 underground railways in London and some provincial cities were running electric trains. A 6.7 kV 25 Hz overhead system was also used from 1908. After the railway companies were grouped in 1923, the Southern Railway greatly expanded the 3rd rail DC electricification, replacing some early AC electrification. Overhead lines at 1500 V DC were planned and installed just before and after the second world war. The early multiple unit cars, similar to contemporaneous railway carriages, were constructed of wood with hinged doors and accommodation could be provided in saloons or compartments. As time went on more steel became to be used in carriage construction. After the second world war the railways were nationalised and the 25 kV 50 Hz overhead system became to be installed, eventually replacing the earlier 1500 V DC systems. South of London, the Southern Railway 3rd rail electrification system continued to expand.