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Blockade of Germany (1939–45)

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The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) also known as the Economic War, was carried out during the Second World War by Great Britain, France and later the United States in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles Germany needed to sustain its war effort. While mainly consisting of a naval blockade, the economic war, which formed part of the wider Battle of the Atlantic also included the preclusive buying of war materials from neutral countries to prevent them going to the enemy, and the widespread use of strategic bombing.

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The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) also known as the Economic War, was carried out during the Second World War by Great Britain, France and later the United States in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles Germany needed to sustain its war effort. While mainly consisting of a naval blockade, the economic war, which formed part of the wider Battle of the Atlantic also included the preclusive buying of war materials from neutral countries to prevent them going to the enemy, and the widespread use of strategic bombing. There were four distinct phases. The first period was from the beginning of European hostilities in September 1939 to the end of the "Phoney War" during which the Allies and Axis powers both intercepted neutral merchant ships to seize deliveries en route to the enemy. The second period began after the rapid German occupation of the majority of the European landmass which gave them control of major centres of industry and agriculture. The third period was from late 1941 after the beginning of hostilities between America and Japan, and the final period came after the tide of war finally turned against Germany after heavy military defeats up to and after D-Day, which led to a gradual withdrawal from the occupied territories in the face of the overwhelming Allied military offensive.