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Portugal (Cherry, Plum, and Chrysanthemum)

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At the height of European colonialism in the 19th century, Portugal had already lost its territory in South America and all but a few bases in Asia. Luanda, Benguela, Bissau, Lourenço Marques, Porto Amboim and the Island of Mozambique were among the oldest Portuguese-founded port cities in its African territories. During this phase, Portuguese colonialism focused on expanding its outposts in Africa into nation-sized territories to compete with other European powers there.

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Portuguese

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1910-10-05

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Coat of arms of Portugal.svg

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Cherry, Plum, and Chrysanthemum

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Location of Metropolitan Portugal

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Portuguese Republic

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Portuguese; Afro-Portuguese; Indian Portuguese; Chinese Portuguese

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República Portuguesa

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Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic

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.pt

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Portuguese escudo

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Assembly of the Republic of Portugal

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Portuguese

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+351

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WET

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Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, , , , , , , Macau, &

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Lisbon

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Flag of Portugal.svg

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WEST

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At the height of European colonialism in the 19th century, Portugal had already lost its territory in South America and all but a few bases in Asia. Luanda, Benguela, Bissau, Lourenço Marques, Porto Amboim and the Island of Mozambique were among the oldest Portuguese-founded port cities in its African territories. During this phase, Portuguese colonialism focused on expanding its outposts in Africa into nation-sized territories to compete with other European powers there. With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da Bandeira, and Silva Porto were founded or redeveloped inland during this period and beyond. Even before the turn of the 20th century, railway tracks as the Benguela railway in Angola, and the Beira railway in Mozambique, started to be built to link coastal areas and selected inland regions. Other episodes during this period of the Portuguese presence in Africa include the 1890 British Ultimatum. This forced the Portuguese military to retreat from the land between the Portuguese colonies of Mozambique and Angola, which had been claimed by Portugal and included in its "Pink Map", which clashed with British aspirations to create a Cape to Cairo Railway.