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Oligocene

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The Oligocene was an epoch in Earth's history. The start of the Oligocene was marked by a major extinction event. The Oligocene epoch (the named derived from the Greek words oligos - insignificant and cainos - new), was the third epoch of the Paleogene. It began roughly 37 MYA +/- 2, and ended approximately 25 MYA +/- 2, lasting for about 12 million years. During the Oligocene, the sea levels dropped and Eurasia was formed, as Europe and Asia became a single landmass (though India joined them later). The Oligocene epoch was marked by large changes among the fauna. The flora too changed during the Oligocene, as the tropical belts began to retreat and plants, The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present. As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the period are slightly uncertain. The name Oligocene comes from the Greek ὀλίγος (oligos, few) and καινός (kainos, new), and refers to the sparsity of additional modern mammalian faunas after a burst of evolution during the Eocene. The Oligocene follows the Eocene epoch and is followed by the Miocene epoch. The Oligocene is the third and final epoch of the Paleogene period.

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Miocene epoch

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Paleogene period

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Extinction Event

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The Oligocene was an epoch in Earth's history. The start of the Oligocene was marked by a major extinction event. The Oligocene epoch (the named derived from the Greek words oligos - insignificant and cainos - new), was the third epoch of the Paleogene. It began roughly 37 MYA +/- 2, and ended approximately 25 MYA +/- 2, lasting for about 12 million years. During the Oligocene, the sea levels dropped and Eurasia was formed, as Europe and Asia became a single landmass (though India joined them later). The Oligocene epoch was marked by large changes among the fauna. The first artiodactyl mammals did appear, as did the first true carnivores and the first apes. The more ancient groups of animals (panthodonts, pyrotheres, creodonts) died. The flora too changed during the Oligocene, as the tropical belts began to retreat and plants, adapted to a more temparate climate, began to take over. The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present. As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the period are slightly uncertain. The name Oligocene comes from the Greek ὀλίγος (oligos, few) and καινός (kainos, new), and refers to the sparsity of additional modern mammalian faunas after a burst of evolution during the Eocene. The Oligocene follows the Eocene epoch and is followed by the Miocene epoch. The Oligocene is the third and final epoch of the Paleogene period. The Oligocene is often considered an important time of transition, a link between "[the] archaic world of the tropical Eocene and the more modern-looking ecosystems of the Miocene."[1] The Oligocene change in ecosystems is a global expansion of grasslands, and a regression of tropical broad leaf forests to the equatorial belt. The start of the Oligocene is marked by a major extinction event, a faunal replacement of European with Asian fauna except for the endemic rodent and marsupial families called the Grande Coupure. The Oligocene-Miocene boundary is not set at an easily identified worldwide event but rather at regional boundaries between the warmer late Oligocene [26,23 Ma] and the relatively cooler Miocene.

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