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Regnans in Excelsis Regnans in Excelsis

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The bull, written in Latin, is named from its incipit, the first three words of its text, which mean "ruling from on high" (a reference to God). Among the queen's offences, "She has removed the royal Council, composed of the nobility of England, and has filled it with obscure men, being heretics." thumb|right|200px|Pius V en Elizabeth I Regnans in Excelsis was een pauselijke bul, uitgevaardigd op 27 april 1570 door paus Pius V, waardoor de excommunicatie van Elizabeth I van Engeland uit de Rooms-katholieke kerk een feit werd. De bul was een reactie op de Act of Supremacy van 1559, waarin de Anglicaanse Kerk onafhankelijk werd van Rome en rechtstreeks onder het gezag van de Engelse monarch kwam te staan.

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thumb|right|200px|Pius V en Elizabeth I Regnans in Excelsis was een pauselijke bul, uitgevaardigd op 27 april 1570 door paus Pius V, waardoor de excommunicatie van Elizabeth I van Engeland uit de Rooms-katholieke kerk een feit werd. De bul was een reactie op de Act of Supremacy van 1559, waarin de Anglicaanse Kerk onafhankelijk werd van Rome en rechtstreeks onder het gezag van de Engelse monarch kwam te staan. The bull, written in Latin, is named from its incipit, the first three words of its text, which mean "ruling from on high" (a reference to God). Among the queen's offences, "She has removed the royal Council, composed of the nobility of England, and has filled it with obscure men, being heretics." The Papacy had previously reconciled with Mary I, who returned the Church of England to Roman Catholicism. After Mary's death in November 1558, Elizabeth's Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy of 1559, which re-established the Church of England’s independence from Rome. This bull can be seen as an act of retaliation for the religious settlement, but as it was delayed by eleven years it was most likely instigated by pressure from Philip II of Spain, the Duke of Norfolk or Mary, Queen of Scots, all of whom had a vested interest in overthrowing Elizabeth. The delay was caused in part by a number of royal Catholic suitors who hoped to marry Elizabeth, and because she had tolerated Catholic worship in private. The Bull was issued in support of, but following, the 1569 "Northern Rebellion" in England, and the first Desmond Rebellion in Ireland, with foreign Catholic support, and hardened her opinion against her landowning Roman Catholic subjects.