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Spanish American wars of independence

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These conflicts have been characterized both as wars of national liberation and as civil wars, since, while the goal of one group of belligerents was the independence of the Spanish colonies in the Americas, the majority of combatants on all sides were Spanish Americans and Native Americans. Some of the Spanish Americans believed that independence was necessary, rather most who supported the creation of the new governments saw them as a means to preserve the region's autonomy from the French. Over the course of the next decade, the political instability in Spain and the absolutist restoration under Ferdinand VII convinced more and more Spanish Americans of the need to establish independence from the mother country.

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1808

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Decisive events of the war: Cortes de Cádiz ; Congress of Cúcuta ; Crossing of the Andes ; Battle of Tampico .

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Victory of the independentist armies, and the end of Spanish rule.

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American Independentists *25px|border|alt=|link= United Provinces of the Río de la Plata *25px|border Chile *25px|border|alt=|link= Gran Colombia After 1820 *25px|border|alt=|link= Free Province of Guayaquil *25px|border|alt=|link= Mexican Empire *25px|border|alt=|link= Republic of Peru Monarchy of Spain * 25px|border|alt=|link= Spain * 20px|alt=|link= Spanish America ** Viceroyalty of New Spain ** Viceroyalty of Peru ** Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata ** Viceroyalty of New Granada

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Spanish American wars of independence

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Patriots * 25px|border|alt=|link= Army of the Andes ---- Foreign volunteers * 25px|border|alt=|link= British Legions Royalists *25px|border|alt=|link= Royal Army ---- Allied Forces * Native American ** Quechua nobility ** Mapuches ** Guajira Indians * 22px|border|alt=|link= Portuguese Army in Cisplatina * Indigenous peoples of Mexico

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These conflicts have been characterized both as wars of national liberation and as civil wars, since, while the goal of one group of belligerents was the independence of the Spanish colonies in the Americas, the majority of combatants on all sides were Spanish Americans and Native Americans. Some of the Spanish Americans believed that independence was necessary, rather most who supported the creation of the new governments saw them as a means to preserve the region's autonomy from the French. Over the course of the next decade, the political instability in Spain and the absolutist restoration under Ferdinand VII convinced more and more Spanish Americans of the need to establish independence from the mother country. The events in Spanish America were related to the other wars of independence in Haiti and Brazil. Brazil's independence, in particular, shared a common starting point with Spanish America's, since both conflicts were triggered by Napoleon's invasion of the Iberian Peninsula, which forced the Portuguese royal family to resettle in Brazil in 1807. The process of Latin American independence took place in the general political and intellectual climate that emerged from the Age of Enlightenment and that influenced all of the Atlantic Revolutions, including the earlier revolutions in the United States and France. A more direct cause of the Spanish American wars of independence were the unique developments occurring within the Kingdom of Spain and its monarchy during this period.

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