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Finland (Cherry, Plum, and Chrysanthemum)

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On March 29, 1809, having been taken over from Sweden by the armies of Alexander I of Russia in the Finnish War, Finland became an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire until the end of 1917. In 1811, Alexander I incorporated Russian Vyborg province into the Grand Duchy of Finland. During the Russian era, the Finnish language began to gain recognition. At that time, Finnish was chiefly a language for the peasantry, clergy and local courts in predominantly Finnish-speaking areas, while Swedish was the dominant language of the nobility, administration and education.

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1917-12-06

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the Russian Empire

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1809-03-29

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Finland Greater Coat of Arms.svg

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Cherry, Plum, and Chrysanthemum

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Location of Finland

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Kingdom of Finland

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Kungadömet Finland Suomen kuningaskunta

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Constitutional monarchy; parliamentary democracy

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.fi, .ax

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Finnish; Swedish

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Finnish markka

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Flag

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Eduskunta

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Lutheranism, Irreligion, Orthodox Christianity

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Finnish

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+358

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EET

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Helsinki

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Flag of Finland.svg

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100

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1918-01-04

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EEST

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On March 29, 1809, having been taken over from Sweden by the armies of Alexander I of Russia in the Finnish War, Finland became an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire until the end of 1917. In 1811, Alexander I incorporated Russian Vyborg province into the Grand Duchy of Finland. During the Russian era, the Finnish language began to gain recognition. At that time, Finnish was chiefly a language for the peasantry, clergy and local courts in predominantly Finnish-speaking areas, while Swedish was the dominant language of the nobility, administration and education. From the 1860s onwards, a strong Finnish nationalist movement grew. Its milestones included the publication of Finland's national epic, the Kalevala, in 1835, and the Finnish language's achieving equal legal status with Swedish in 1892. Universal suffrage was adopted in the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1906, despite in practice virtually meaningless.