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Bar Kokhba revolt

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The Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE), or mered bar kokhba, was the third major rebellion by the Jews of Judaea Province against the Roman Empire and the last of the Jewish–Roman wars. The rebellion is also known as The Third Jewish–Roman War or The Third Jewish Revolt, though some historians relate it as Second Judean Revolt, not counting the Kitos War 115–117 CE, which had only marginally been fought in Judea.[citation needed] The revolt is considered to be the climax of the Jewish–Roman wars, after which the Jews had become a devastated people - their cities were laid waste, over half a million killed and the survivors dispersed through the slave markets of the known world in a clear case of genocide.

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60000 n25: n27: n33: Total forces from 12 legions: n39: n46: 200000 n51:

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132

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n6: 22 n21: n30: Shimon ben Matanya Elazar ben Khita n37: Yehuda bar Menashe Masbelah ben Shimon n53:

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Judaea renamed and merged into the Syria Palaestina province.

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An entrance into an excavated cave, used by Bar Kokhba's rebels

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Legio IX Hispana possibly destroyed Legio XXII Deiotariana destroyeda '''Total: 580,000 Jews killed, 50 fortified towns and 985 villages razed;a massive Roman military casualties'''a Massive casualties: 200000

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Decisive Roman Empire victory: * Roman troops annihilate Judean population * Suppression of Jewish religious and political authority by Hadrian * Judaea renamed to Syria Palaestina

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[b] - according to Rabbinic sources [a] - per Cassius Dio

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Judea under Bar Kokhba 25

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Bar Kokhba revolt

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The Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE), or mered bar kokhba, was the third major rebellion by the Jews of Judaea Province against the Roman Empire and the last of the Jewish–Roman wars. The rebellion is also known as The Third Jewish–Roman War or The Third Jewish Revolt, though some historians relate it as Second Judean Revolt, not counting the Kitos War 115–117 CE, which had only marginally been fought in Judea.[citation needed] The revolt is considered to be the climax of the Jewish–Roman wars, after which the Jews had become a devastated people - their cities were laid waste, over half a million killed and the survivors dispersed through the slave markets of the known world in a clear case of genocide. The revolt erupted as a result of religious and political tensions in Judaea province. Simon bar Kokhba, the commander of the revolt, was acclaimed as a Messiah,[citation needed] a heroic figure who could restore Israel. Initial rebel victories established an independent state of Israel over parts of Judea for over two years, but a Roman army made up of six full legions with auxiliaries and elements from up to six additional legions finally crushed it. The Bar Kokhba revolt resulted in genocide and almost complete depopulation of Judea and is considered to have a much more critical impact on Jews and Judaism than the Great Revolt of Judea of 70 CE. Roman losses are also considered heavy, making it one of the worst campaigns of the Empire. Despite easing persecution of Jews following Hadrian's death in 138 CE, the Romans barred Jews from Jerusalem, except to attend it in Tisha B'Av. Although Jewish Christians hailed Jesus as the Messiah and did not support Bar Kokhba, they were barred from Jerusalem along with the rest of the Jews.[citation needed] The war and its aftermath helped differentiate Christianity as a religion distinct from Judaism (see also Split of early Christianity and Judaism).[citation needed]