"\uBB3C\uB9AC\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790(Quasi particle)\uB294 \uC0C1\uD638\uC791\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uD2B9\uC815\uACC4\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD558\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uAC1C\uCCB4\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uAC83\uC740 \uACC4\uB97C \uD1B5\uD574\uC11C \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC774\uACE0 \uADF8 \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC784\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uBC00\uB9AC\uAC70\uB098 \uC774\uB04C\uB9AC\uB294 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uC758 \uAD6C\uB984\uC5D0 \uB458\uB7EC\uC313\uC778 \uB2E8 \uC785\uC790\uB77C \uC0DD\uAC01\uB420 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9AC\uD558\uC5EC \uC804\uCCB4\uC758 \uAC1C\uCCB4\uAC00 \uC790\uC720 \uC785\uC790\uC640 \uAC19\uC774 \uB530\uB77C \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC774\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC740 \uC751\uC9D1\uBB3C\uC9C8 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uC5D0 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC911\uC694\uD55C\uAC83 \uC911\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uC65C\uB0D0\uD558\uBA74 \uADF8\uAC83\uC774 \uC591\uC790\uC5ED\uD559\uC801 \uB2E4\uCCB4 \uBB38\uC81C\uB97C \uB2E8\uC21C\uD654\uD558\uB294 \uC54C\uB824\uC9C4 \uC57D\uAC04\uC758 \uAC83\uC911\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uADF8\uAC83\uC774 \uB2E4\uCCB4\uACC4\uC758 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uB113\uC740 \uC601\uC5ED\uC5D0 \uC801\uC6A9\uAC00\uB2A5\uD558\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uCCB4 \uC591\uC790\uC5ED\uD559\uC758 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB85C \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uB294 \uCCB4\uACC4\uC758 \uB0AE\uAC8C \uC5EC\uAE30\uB41C \uCD08\uB4F1 \uC5EC\uAE30(\uADF8\uB77C\uC6B4\uB4DC \uC0C1\uD0DC \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uC5D0 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uB97C \uC9C0\uB2CC \uC0C1\uD0DC)\uB85C \uC54C\uB824\uC9C4 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC758 \uC804\uD615\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uB0AE\uAC8C \uC5EC\uAE30\uB41C \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC758 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC774 \uB2E4\uC911\uC758 \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uAC00 \uC874\uC7AC\uD558\uB294 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB85C \uBCF4\uC77C \uC218 \uC788\uC74C\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC720\uC0AC\uC785\uC790\uAC04\uC758 \uC0C1\uD638\uC791\uC6A9\uC774 \uCDA9\uBD84\uD788 \uB0AE\uC740 \uC628\uB3C4\uC5D0\uC11C \uBB34\uC2DC\uAC00\uB2A5\uD558\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4\uACE0 \uBC1D\uD600 \uC84C\uB294\uB370 \uB0AE\uC740 \uC628\uB3C4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC6B0\uB9AC\uB294 \uAC1C\uAC1C\uC758 \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uD2B9\uC131\uC744 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uC5EC \uACC4\uC758 \uC804\uCCB4\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD574 \uD750\uB984 \uD2B9\uC131\uACFC \uC5F4 \uC6A9\uB7C9\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uBA70 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC815\uBCF4\uB97C \uC5BB\uC744 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD3EC\uB17C\uC740 \uACE0\uC804 \uC74C\uD30C\uC758 \uC591\uC790\uC774\uBA70 \uC74C\uD30C\uB294 \uC6D0\uC790\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC744 \uD544\uC694\uCE58\uC54A\uB294\uB2E4."@ko . . . "\uBB3C\uB9AC\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790(Quasi particle)\uB294 \uC0C1\uD638\uC791\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uD2B9\uC815\uACC4\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD558\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uC640 \uAC19\uC740 \uAC1C\uCCB4\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uAC83\uC740 \uACC4\uB97C \uD1B5\uD574\uC11C \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC774\uACE0 \uADF8 \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC784\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uBC00\uB9AC\uAC70\uB098 \uC774\uB04C\uB9AC\uB294 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uC758 \uAD6C\uB984\uC5D0 \uB458\uB7EC\uC313\uC778 \uB2E8 \uC785\uC790\uB77C \uC0DD\uAC01\uB420 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9AC\uD558\uC5EC \uC804\uCCB4\uC758 \uAC1C\uCCB4\uAC00 \uC790\uC720 \uC785\uC790\uC640 \uAC19\uC774 \uB530\uB77C \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC774\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC740 \uC751\uC9D1\uBB3C\uC9C8 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uC5D0 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC911\uC694\uD55C\uAC83 \uC911\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uC65C\uB0D0\uD558\uBA74 \uADF8\uAC83\uC774 \uC591\uC790\uC5ED\uD559\uC801 \uB2E4\uCCB4 \uBB38\uC81C\uB97C \uB2E8\uC21C\uD654\uD558\uB294 \uC54C\uB824\uC9C4 \uC57D\uAC04\uC758 \uAC83\uC911\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uADF8\uAC83\uC774 \uB2E4\uCCB4\uACC4\uC758 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uB113\uC740 \uC601\uC5ED\uC5D0 \uC801\uC6A9\uAC00\uB2A5\uD558\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uCCB4 \uC591\uC790\uC5ED\uD559\uC758 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB85C \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uB294 \uCCB4\uACC4\uC758 \uB0AE\uAC8C \uC5EC\uAE30\uB41C \uCD08\uB4F1 \uC5EC\uAE30(\uADF8\uB77C\uC6B4\uB4DC \uC0C1\uD0DC \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uC5D0 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uAC00\uAE4C\uC6B4 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uB97C \uC9C0\uB2CC \uC0C1\uD0DC)\uB85C \uC54C\uB824\uC9C4 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC758 \uC804\uD615\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uB0AE\uAC8C \uC5EC\uAE30\uB41C \uC0C1\uD0DC\uC758 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC774 \uB2E4\uC911\uC758 \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uAC00 \uC874\uC7AC\uD558\uB294 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB85C \uBCF4\uC77C \uC218 \uC788\uC74C\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC720\uC0AC\uC785\uC790\uAC04\uC758 \uC0C1\uD638\uC791\uC6A9\uC774 \uCDA9\uBD84\uD788 \uB0AE\uC740 \uC628\uB3C4\uC5D0\uC11C \uBB34\uC2DC\uAC00\uB2A5\uD558\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4\uACE0 \uBC1D\uD600 \uC84C\uB294\uB370 \uB0AE\uC740 \uC628\uB3C4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC6B0\uB9AC\uB294 \uAC1C\uAC1C\uC758 \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uD2B9\uC131\uC744 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uC5EC \uACC4\uC758 \uC804\uCCB4\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD574 \uD750\uB984 \uD2B9\uC131\uACFC \uC5F4 \uC6A9\uB7C9\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uBA70 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC815\uBCF4\uB97C \uC5BB\uC744 \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uC2E4 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC758 \uB2E4\uCCB4\uACC4\uB294 \uB450 \uC885\uB958\uC758 \uCD08\uB4F1 \uC5EC\uAE30\uB97C \uC9C0\uB2CC\uB2E4. \uCCAB \uC804\uD615\uC740 \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uB85C \uB2E8 \uC785\uC790\uC5D0 \uD574\uB2F9\uD558\uB294\uB370 \uADF8\uAC83\uC758 \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC784\uC740 \uACC4\uB0B4\uC758 \uB2E4\uB978 \uC785\uC790\uC640\uC758 \uC0C1\uD638 \uC791\uC6A9\uC73C\uB85C \uAC1C\uC120\uB41C\uB2E4. \uC5EC\uAE30\uC758 \uB450\uBC88\uC9F8 \uC804\uD615\uC740 \uACC4 \uC804\uCCB4\uC758 \uC9D1\uD569\uC801\uC778 \uBAA8\uB4DC\uC774\uBA70 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC740 0\uC74C(zero sound), \uD50C\uB77C\uC988\uBAAC \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uC2A4\uD540 \uBC00\uB3C4 \uD30C\uB3D9\uB4F1\uC758 \uD604\uC0C1\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC720\uC0AC\uC785\uC790\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC740 \uB780\uB2E4\uC6B0\uC758 \uD398\uB974\uBBF8 \uC561\uCCB4 \uC774\uB860\uC5D0 \uAE30\uC6D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uAC83\uC740 \uC6D0\uB798 \uC561\uCCB4 \uD5EC\uB968 3\uC744 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uBC1C\uBA85\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uB4E4 \uACC4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C \uAC15\uB825\uD55C \uC720\uC0AC\uC131\uACFC \uC591\uC790\uC7A5\uB860\uC758 \uB4DC\uB808\uC2A4\uB4DC \uC785\uC790\uAC04\uC5D0 \uC874\uC7AC\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB780\uB2E4\uC6B0 \uC774\uB860\uC758 \uC5ED\uD559\uC740 \uD3C9\uADE0\uC7A5 \uC804\uD615\uC758 \uC6B4\uB3D9 \uBC29\uC815\uC2DD\uC73C\uB85C \uC815\uC758\uB41C\uB2E4. \uBE44\uC2B7\uD55C \uBC29\uC815\uC2DD\uC778 \uBE14\uB77C\uC18C\uBE0C \uC2DD\uC740 \uC18C\uC704 \uD50C\uB77C\uC988\uB9C8 \uADFC\uC0AC\uB0B4\uC758 \uD50C\uB77C\uC988\uB9C8\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uC720\uD6A8\uD558\uB2E4. \uD504\uB77C\uC988\uB9C8 \uADFC\uC0AC\uB0B4\uC5D0\uC11C \uD558\uC804 \uC785\uC790\uB294 \uB2E4\uB978 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC785\uC790\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC9D1\uD569\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBC1C\uC0DD\uB41C \uC804\uC790\uAE30\uC7A5\uB0B4\uB85C \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC778\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC0DD\uAC01\uB41C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uD558\uC804\uC785\uC790\uAC04\uC758 \uACBD\uCDA9\uB3CC\uC740 \uBB34\uC2DC\uB41C\uB2E4. \uD3C9\uADE0\uC7A5 \uC804\uD615\uC758 \uC6B4\uB3D9 \uBC29\uC815\uC2DD\uC774 \uACC4\uC758 \uC77C\uCC28 \uADFC\uC0AC \uAE30\uC220\uC77C \uB54C, 2\uCC28 \uADFC\uC0AC \uAD50\uC815\uC740 \uC5D4\uD2B8\uB85C\uD53C \uC0DD\uC0B0\uC744 \uACB0\uC815\uD558\uACE0 \uC77C\uBC14\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBCFC\uCBD4\uB9CC \uC804\uD615\uC758 \uCDA9\uB3CC \uD56D\uC758 \uD615\uD0DC\uB97C \uC9C0\uB2C8\uB294\uB370 \uBC84\uCD94\uC5BC \uC785\uC790\uAC04\uC758 \uBA74\uCDA9\uB3CC\uB9CC\uC744 \uACC4\uC0B0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uC2DC\uB9D0\uD558\uBA74 \uD3C9\uADE0\uC7A5 \uC6B4\uB3D9 \uBC29\uC815\uC2DD\uC758 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC804\uD615\uACFC \uC2E4\uC81C \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uD3C9\uADE0\uC7A5 \uC774\uB860\uC774 \uC720\uC0AC\uC785\uC790 \uAC1C\uB150\uACFC \uAD00\uB828\uD55C\uB2E4.(involves) \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uC6A9\uC5B4 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uC740 \uBAA8\uD638\uD574 \uBCF4\uC784\uC744 \uC8FC\uC758\uD558\uC2DC\uC624. \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uC800\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uC2E4\uC81C \uC785\uC790\uC5D0\uC11C \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uAD6C\uBD84\uD558\uAE30\uC704\uD574\uC11C \uADF8 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uACE0 \uB2E4\uB978\uC774\uB4E4\uC740 \uC9D1\uD569\uC801\uC778 \uC5EC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uBC18\uB300\uB418\uB294 \uB2E8 \uC785\uC790 \uC5EC\uAE30\uC640 \uBE44\uC2B7\uD55C \uC5EC\uAE30\uB97C \uAE30\uC220\uD558\uB294\uB370 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB450 \uC815\uC758\uB294 \uBAA8\uB450 \uC11C\uB85C\uB97C \uC81C\uC678\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uC9D1\uD569\uC801\uC778 \uBCF8\uC9C8\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uC0DD\uD558\uB294 \uBB38\uC81C\uB294 \uD2B9\uD788 \uC720\uC0AC \uC785\uC790\uC758 \uD56D\uB4F1 \uC870\uAC74\uACFC \uAD00\uB828\uD558\uC5EC \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uD45C\uC900 \uC608\uB97C\uB4E4\uBA74 \uAC1C\uCCB4\uC758 \uC2E4\uC874\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC2E4\uC81C\uD55C\uB2E4\uACE0 \uACE0\uB824\uB418\uB294 \uC544\uB2C8\uB4E0 \uACFC\uD559 \uCCA0\uD559\uB0B4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5ED\uC2DC \uB17C\uC758\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD3EC\uB17C\uC740 \uACE0\uC804 \uC74C\uD30C\uC758 \uC591\uC790\uC774\uBA70 \uC74C\uD30C\uB294 \uC6D0\uC790\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC744 \uD544\uC694\uCE58\uC54A\uB294\uB2E4. \uB9E4\uADF8\uB17C\uC740 \uACE0\uC804\uC801\uC778 \uC2A4\uD540 \uD30C\uB3D9\uC758 \uC591\uC790\uC778\uB370 \uC2A4\uD540 \uD30C\uB3D9\uC740 \uCD08\uB4F1 \uC2A4\uD540\uC744 \uD544\uC694\uCE58 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4. \uC808\uC5F0\uCCB4(isolator)\uB0B4\uC758 \uAD11\uC790\uB294 \uACE0\uC804 \uB4DC\uB808\uC2A4\uB4DC \uC804\uC790\uAE30\uD30C\uC758 \uC591\uC790\uC774\uBA70 \uAD74\uC808\uB960\uC758 \uC815\uC758\uB97C \uC704\uD574 \uC804\uC790\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC774 \uD544\uC694\uCE58 \uC54A\uB2E4. \uD50C\uB77C\uC988\uBAAC\uC740 \uD50C\uB77C\uC988\uB9C8 \uC9C4\uB3D9\uC758 \uC591\uC790\uC774\uBA70 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC740 \uB2E8\uC9C0 \uC804\uD558\uC640 \uC9C8\uB7C9 \uBC00\uB3C4\uB9CC\uC744 \uD544\uC694\uB85C\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC804\uC790\uB098 \uC774\uC628\uC740 \uD544\uC694\uCE58 \uC54A\uB2E4. \uD3F4\uB77C\uB860\uC740 \uC57D\uD558\uAC8C \uB3C4\uD551\uB41C \uBC18\uB3C4\uCCB4\uB0B4\uC758 \uC9C4\uB3D9 \uD3B8\uAD11\uC758 \uC591\uC790\uC774\uB098 \uC5ED\uC2DC \uCD08\uB4F1\uC801\uC778 \uC804\uD558\uB098 \uC9C8\uB7C9\uC744 \uD544\uC694\uCE58 \uC54A\uB294\uB2E4."@ko . . "\uC720\uC0AC\uC785\uC790"@ko . . .