"The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition is an international alliance of academic and research libraries developed by the Association of Research Libraries in 1998 which promotes open access to scholarship. They currently have over 800 institutions in North America, Europe, Japan, China and Australia. SPARC Europe was established with the Ligue des Biblioth\u00E8ques Europ\u00E9ennes de Recherch in 2001. Current executive director is Heather Joseph."@en . "Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition"@en . . . "The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition is an international alliance of academic and research libraries developed by the Association of Research Libraries in 1998 which promotes open access to scholarship. They currently have over 800 institutions in North America, Europe, Japan, China and Australia. SPARC Europe was established with the Ligue des Biblioth\u00E8ques Europ\u00E9ennes de Recherch in 2001. Current executive director is Heather Joseph."@en .