. . "Lobotomy"@en . . . . . "In 1890, psychiatrist Gottlieb Burckhardt removed pieces of the frontal lobes of six patients in a psychiatric hospital in Switzerland. One died after the operation, and another was found dead in a river 10 days after release (whether by accident, suicide, or crime is unknown). The others exhibited altered behavior. These experiments marked one of the first forays into the field of psychosurgery. Burckhardt claimed a 50% success rate but didn't properly assess or follow-up, and his reports \"made everyone feel ill at ease and encountered harsh comments from colleagues\". Emil Kraepelin said \"he suggested that restless patients could be pacified by scratching away the cerebral cortex\". Burckhardt wrote in 1891 that \"Doctors are different by nature. One kind adheres to the old principle: first, do no harm (primum non nocere); the other one says: it is better to do something than do nothing (melius anceps remedium quam nullum). I certainly belong to the second category\", but he ended his research and practice of psychosurgery due to the heavy criticism. Psychosurgery was not publicly attempted again until 1910, when Estonian neurosurgeon Ludvig Puusepp operated on a few patients. Then, in 1935, Portuguese physician and neurologist Ant\u00F3nio Egas Moniz pioneered a surgery he called prefrontal leucotomy. The procedure involved drilling holes in the patient's head and destroying tissue in the frontal lobes by injecting alcohol. He later changed technique, using a surgical instrument called a leucotome that cut brain tissue by rotating a retractable wire loop (a quite different cutting instrument also used for lobotomies shares the same name). Moniz was given the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1949 for this work. The American neurologist and psychiatrist Walter Freeman was intrigued by Moniz's work, and with the help of his close friend, a neurosurgeon named James W. Watts, he performed the first prefrontal leucotomy in the U.S. in 1936. Freeman and Watts gradually refined the surgical technique, and created the Freeman-Watts procedure (the \"precision method,\" the standard prefrontal lobotomy). The Freeman-Watts prefrontal lobotomy still required drilling holes in the scalp, so surgery had to be performed in an operating room by trained neurosurgeons. Walter Freeman believed that this surgery would be unavailable to the patients who needed it most: those that lived in state mental hospitals with no operating rooms, no surgeons, no anesthesia, and very little money. Freeman wanted to simplify the procedure so that it could be carried out by psychiatrists in mental asylums, which housed roughly 600,000 American inpatients at the time. Inspired by the work of Italian psychiatrist Amarro Fiamberti, Freeman decided to access the frontal lobes through the eye sockets, instead of through drilled holes in the scalp. In 1945, he took an icepick from his own kitchen and began to test the new surgical technique on cadavers. The technique was called \"transorbital lobotomy,\" and it involved lifting the upper eyelid and placing the point of a thin surgical instrument (often called an orbitoclast or leucotome, although quite different from the wire loop leucotome described above) under the eyelid and against the top of the eyesocket. A hammer or mallet was then used to drive the leucotome through the thin layer of bone and into the brain. The leucotome was then moved from side to side, to sever the nerve fibers connecting the frontal lobes to the thalamus. In selected patients, the butt of the leucotome was pulled upward, sending the tip farther back into the brain, producing a \"deep frontal cut,\" a more radical form of lobotomy. The leucotome was then withdrawn, and the procedure was repeated on the other side. Walter Freeman first performed a transorbital lobotomy on a live patient in 1946. This new form of psychosurgery was intended for use in state mental hospitals that often did not have the facilities for anesthesia, so Freeman suggested using electroconvulsive therapy to render the patient unconscious. As early as 1944, an author in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease could remark that: \"The history of prefrontal lobotomy has been brief and stormy. Its course has been dotted with both violent opposition and with slavish, unquestioning acceptance.\" In 1947 in Sweden, psychiatrist Snorre Wohlfahrt evaluated early trials and reported that \"It is distinctly hazardous to leucotomize schizophrenics\", \"It is still too imperfect to enable us, with its aid, to venture on a general offensive against chronic cases of mental disorder\", and in 1949 that \"Psychosurgery has as yet failed to discover its precise indications and contraindications and the methods must unfortunately still be regarded as rather crude and hazardous in many respects\". In 1948, Norbert Wiener, the author of Cybernetics, said: \"...prefrontal lobotomy ...has recently been having a certain vogue, probably not unconnected with the fact that it makes the custodial care of many patients easier. Let me remark in passing that killing them makes their custodial care still easier.\" Concerns about lobotomy steadily grew. The USSR banned the procedure in 1950. Doctors in the Soviet Union concluded that the procedure was \"contrary to the principles of humanity\", and, that it turned \"an insane person into an idiot\". Numerous countries subsequently banned the procedure, including Yugoslavia, Germany and Japan, as did several U.S. states. Lobotomy was legally practiced in controlled and regulated U.S. centers and in Finland, Sweden, Norway (2,005 known cases), the United Kingdom, Spain, India, Belgium and the Netherlands. In 1977, the U.S. Congress created a National Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research to investigate allegations that psychosurgery\u2014 including lobotomy techniques\u2014 was used to control minorities and restrain individual rights. It also investigated the after-effects of surgery. The committee concluded that some extremely limited and properly performed psychosurgery could have positive effects. By the early 1970s the practice had generally ceased, but some countries continued small-scale operations through the late 1980s. In France, 32 lobotomies were performed between 1980 and 1986 according to an IGAS report; about 15 each year in the UK, 70 in Belgium, and about 15 for the Massachusetts General Hospital of Boston."@en . "For thousands of years people have experimented with the brain, trying (in vain) to stop it from producing mucus and other nostril products. During some of these helpless attempts to cure congestion many of the patients were found to have lost interest about their sinuses (or anything else for that matter). During the late 1800\u2019s doctors perfected this form of \u201Cworry removal\u201D by sawing ones skull open and taking out miscellaneous chunks of matter from the brain, the procedure was quite messy and many doctors where squeamish from all the blood and mucus. In the early 1950\u2019s Dr. Walter Lobotomizer perfected a new approach to lobotomies involving a ice pick, a hammer and your eye sockets, this approach revolutionised the speed of lobotomies, sometimes patients would get two in just one day. The first recipient of the \"ice pick\" lobotomy was one Leon Trotsky. Dr. Lobotomizer show cased his new procedure with publicity stunts such as performing four lobotomies at once (2 with each hand and 2 with each foot). Dr. Lobotomizer sought to give everyone lobotomies to better the world."@en . . "A lobotomy was a neurosurgical procedure which consisted of cutting away most of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex. Among Vulcans, repressed memories caused a physical reaction within the brain which in extreme cases could lead to the mind of the patient literally lobotomizing itself. (VOY: \"Flashback\") In 2374, Tom Paris compared the Mari's plans to remove violent thoughts from B'Elanna Torres's brain to a lobotomy. (VOY: \"Random Thoughts\")"@en . "The Lobotomy is a monster appearing in Silent Hill: Revelation. It is seen briefly within Brookhaven Asylum."@en . "104312"^^ . . "Lobotomy"@ru . "Lobotomized Ogre"@en . "A lobotomy is a surgical procedure where part of the brain is removed from a patient. On October 26, 1985, in the nightmarish alternate timeline where the alternate Emmett Brown had been committed, Doc disguised himself and traveled to the County Asylum. Pretending to be his counterpart's distant cousin, Mr. Von Braun, Doc bribed the asylum nurse to allow him to talk with his alternate self. He discovered that, at some point after being committed, his counterpart had been lobotomized."@en . . "Silent Hill: Revelation"@en . . . . . . . . . "Lobotomized Ogre"@en . . . . . . . . "When Deadpool and the Punisher entered Lobotomy's bar together, a fight began and it ended with Lobotomy getting his head sliced off. Lobotomy and Deadpool met in the following comics: Deadpool: Suicide Kings #4"@en . . . "Lobotomy_monster.png"@en . "Lobotomy es un monstruo que aparece en Silent Hill: Revelation. Se ve brevemente en el Asilo Brookhaven."@es . . . "lobotomy"@en . "None"@en . . . . . "None"@en . "A lobotomy was a neurosurgical procedure in which the connections to and from the pre-frontal cortex were cut from the brain. A lobotomy usually resulted in a serious loss of cognitive function. Defeen tried to have Triclops lobotomized at the Imperial Reprogramming Institute. While imprisoned on the first Death Star, Princess Leia Organa remembered being threatened with being \"lobotomized and then taken to one of the barracks' pleasure houses\". An operation needed to lobotimize a Coruscani ogre and implant them with cybernetics was less expensive when compared to purchasing a new droid."@en . . "A neurosurgical procedure consisting of cutting the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex of the brain. Name: Ward, Wilson Diagnosis: Schizophrenia Wilson was diagnosed with schizophrenia. It is a mental disorder that inflicts hallucinations, although the horror may feel unmistakably credible as it possesses your mentality and sinks its demonic teeth into the pulsing lobes of your brain.Wilson had been experiencing terrifying representations of our malicious world of which would torture his interpretation of what was real and what was horrifyingly fictional with the ability to transport itself into reality. He was repeatedly hospitalized during and after several schizophrenic events, eventually resulting in a duet of suicide attempts\u2026the troubled teenager could not say fuck my life enough to compensate for his curse of a miserable state of living. But this story is not about Wilson\u2019s schizophrenia\u2014it\u2019s about his latest treatment. A lobotomy is a form of psychosurgery and a method of neurosurgery with its procedure consisting of severing the prefrontal cortex of the brain. The anterior lobes would be separated with a result of a practically universal solution corresponding to one\u2019s defective mentality; such mental illnesses included anxiety, depression, and numerous other neurotic behaviors with an absence of classification within the early twentieth century\u2014especially schizophrenia. The inception of lobotomies originated in 1935 by two Portugal neurologists named Dr. Almeida Lima and Dr. Antonio Egas Moniz\u2014their first techniques of performing lobotomies consisted of drilling holes into the sides of the patient\u2019s brain followed by an insertion of a knife. This allowed the neurosurgeon to disconnect the lobes while the blade would scrape and swipe beneath the patient\u2019s facial expression of agony.And then ten years later a new method emerged into the neurosurgical world\u2014another intrigued neurosurgeon named Walter Freeman began performing lobotomies with an icepick from his own kitchen. The sharpened rod would be inserted into the patient through the eyelid and would slowly progress into the patient\u2019s skull until the desired cortex was severed. It was faster, easier, more efficient\u2026\u2026but no one can know that for sure; lobotomies have been discarded as a medical procedure since the introduction of chlorpromazine.Until now. Wilson Ward encountered an Italian \u201Cneurosurgeon\u201D who was willing to assist him in curing his schizophrenia. His name was Dr. Antonio Lombardi and he had performed a total of sixty-two lobotomies within his office\u2014he would have performed many, many more lobotomies than a mere sixty-two, but the majority of the candidates were extremely skeptical of the procedure. Lombardi\u2019s \u201Coffice\u201D was an underground facility of unknown origin\u2026it was dark and desolate with that feeling of trembling terror that our bodies are more than capable of producing. The walls were of cold and cracked concrete\u2026the dampened tiles of the ceiling had begun to fall to the ground\u2026and the floor had been stained with darkened blotches of blood that were still wet and smelled fresh with its sour scent of previous procedures. Wilson followed Lombardi as he explained his intentions: \u201CDo you know what a lobotomy is?\u201D \u201CNo,\u201D Wilson replied as he was guided to the operating table; Lombardi situated his patient to lie horizontally and he could feel the slight tension of resistance due to the schizophrenic teenager\u2019s uncertainty. \u201CNot to worry! I have performed many, many lobotomies! Many neurosurgeons have,\u201D and he gave a brief history of Freeman\u2019s results. Freeman had performed nearly five thousand lobotomies (a massive difference in comparison to Lombardi\u2019s sixty-two), but what Lombardi neglected to mention was the fifty percent rate of success. In 1941, Rosemary Kennedy, sister of former President John F. Kennedy, was lobotomized to change her rebellious actions, but instead the procedure left her mentally retarded. In 1953, Anita McGhee was lobotomized after experiencing postpartum depression, but instead her mental existence became questionable as she was resorted to mental institutions.In 1960, Howard Dully was lobotomized in an attempt to alter his defiant personality, but instead he became institutionalized whilst battling drug addictions.In 2009, Wilson Ward was confined to the operating table as the wooden legs creaked and wobbled. He immediately felt the back of his shirt absorb a warm liquid\u2026sweat? No\u2014it was a goddamned splatter of blood from the previous patient. Lombardi began to strap and tighten the restraints upon his body. He applied his weight upon the belts as the strips of leather and polypropylene webbing intertwined within the buckles and guaranteed the security of Wilson\u2019s safety.Wilson\u2019s mind flashbacked to his previous schizophrenic events\u2026but this was not a hallucination. Wilson appeared before the neurosurgeon with a blank expression of trust and monotony\u2014but on the inside\u2026deep down where it really matters\u2026he was fucking scared. And this drastic feeling of fear only increased as the final restraint was applied: a thick leather band was tightened across Wilson\u2019s forehead with enough force and constriction to nearly burst the veins beneath his flesh. Lombardi wielded his implements of a hammer and an icepick\u2026and there was still blood soaking upon the rusted surfaces of both utensils. The hammer was small but blunt; its wooden handle was splintered and its iron head was decaying from the oxidation. The icepick was long and thin and sharp; it appeared as though it had recently been used to ascend upon a mountain of frozen shit. And the blood\u2026both the hammer and icepick were still glistening with a slobbering drench of salivating blood\u2026and then a single declarative sentence deemed its existence to Wilson\u2019s attention.\u201CGet me the fuck out of here!\u201D but it was too late\u2014the rusted point of the icepick had struck directly beneath Wilson\u2019s left eyelid. The neurosurgeon gently jiggled and jimmied the implement deeper and deeper into his patient\u2019s eye socket as the blood began to spit itself from the point of entry\u2026the blood dribbled down the side of Wilson\u2019s face as his flesh vibrated with the chill of vulgar fear and the pain of fucking hell. \u201CPlease hold still,\u201D Lombardi requested as he leveled his vision with the icepick. The constrained body attempted to squirm as the squirting blood continued to squirt in rhythmic streams emerging from the eye socket. \u201CPlease\u2026hold still,\u201D Lombardi repeated\u2014the tone was more stern and forceful but his patience and composure was still applied. And meanwhile, the icepick was halfway within Wilson\u2019s skull as the patches of rust tore the inside of the eyelid in addition to the delicate eyeball itself\u2026the cornea, pupil, iris, lens\u2026they were all soaked in blood as it pooled within the eye socket and overflowed upon Wilson\u2019s screaming face. \u201CPlease hold fucking still!\u201D The hammer struck the icepick hard and it immediately buried itself beneath Wilson\u2019s eyelid another inch or two in response to the strike of the hammer. The echoing of the metal clattering upon each other was simultaneous with the corrosion of Wilson\u2019s awareness\u2026his vision had been bloody and distorted, and now the effects of severe confusion had intensified as parts of his brain matter ejected from his nostrils. Lombardi was unaware and uncertain if he had successfully severed the prefrontal cortex\u2026the patient\u2019s brains were literally spilling from his nose, so Lombardi figured he had fucked something up. Lombardi adjusted the icepick and scraped against the contacted brain\u2014every swish of the wand and flick of the wrist resulted in additional brain matter emerging like bloody mucus from a diseased sneeze as it dribbled down upon Wilson\u2019s upper lip and made an entrance into his mouth. Although it was not Wilson\u2019s primary priority, he still took note of the sick and bitter taste of his own fucking brains.And as for Wilson\u2019s other senses\u2026he heard his own screams of terror secluded within the operating room\u2026he only swirls of blood and flashes of light consume his degrading vision\u2026he felt the searing pain of a rusted icepick being thrust beneath his eyelid and deep into his eye socket and scraping away his brains in a brutal and medieval attempt to cure his goddamned schizophrenia. Wilson spat and sputtered the brains from his mouth between his piercing sessions of screaming and managed to utter an audible demand: \u201CGet me out of here,\u201D a surprising relinquishment of which was adjacently presented with his pain. \u201CI\u2019ve almost got it!\u201D and then there was another strike of the hammer. An enormous ejaculation of Wilson\u2019s brains shot from both of his nostrils. It was blue and bloody as the thick liquid oozed with a sickening slime of murkiness\u2026and this was when Wilson\u2019s untouched eyeball instantly glazed over with a cloudy gloss of hopelessness.Lombardi removed the icepick and revealed an eye socket of which was converted into an overflowing pool of blood and brains and bits of rusted metal and pestled remnants of his eyeball\u2026and amidst his right eye of blindness and his left eye of mutilation, Wilson managed to produce one last line of dialect: \u201CGet me\u2026the fuck\u2026out of here\u2026\u201D and then he began to mentally tumble into an endless rabbit hole of a coma as the pupil of his right eye dilated to the size of a goddamned quarter. Lombardi began to cry\u2026he unstrapped his patient and could only cry in a depressive state of mind as he pulled the unresponsive vegetable from the operating table. Wilson landed with a thud upon the floor and was dragged across the office as he smeared a flowing path of blood whilst approaching a mysterious door within the office of Dr. Lombardi. If it was the exit, Wilson didn\u2019t give a shit\u2014his life was fucking over. And as Wilson was continued to be forcibly mobilized by the bloody collar of his attire, Lombardi remained deep within a depressive state\u2026he had failed the procedure and had been left with an innocent comatose on his conscience\u2026he felt the guilt corrode his unstable emotions with each sob that coexisted with the long strides of which slowly progressed Lombardi and Wilson to the door. Wilson could not hear\u2026he could not see\u2026he could not feel\u2026and he could not smell. But if he smells, the pungent odor of death would have been rapidly approaching his nostrils as the vicious scents of the deceased would have become increasingly revolting. The door opened and Wilson was tossed into a room of which revealed the source of the goddamned smell of Lucifer\u2019s own shit. The chamber had now collected a total of sixty-three bodies that processed the deaths with blood and maggots and putrefaction as the cadavers had begun to rot and liquefy from their bones.Lombardi wiped his tears and left smears of blood upon his facial expression of depression. But it was okay. He would just have to try again."@en . . . "Brookhaven Asylum"@en . "A lobotomy or frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in neurology which frontal lobe consists of cutting or scraping the connections between the frontal lobe and the rest of the brain. Once a common treatment for psychiatric conditions, it is now generally believed to be useless for that purpose. Although the procedure did alleviate some symptoms, it also created neurological deficits in both personality and intellect, often resulting in total incapacitation or death. Since the development of anti-psychotics, the use of the procedure has been in steep decline."@en . . . "A lobotomy was a neurosurgical procedure in which the connections to and from the pre-frontal cortex were cut from the brain. A lobotomy usually resulted in a serious loss of cognitive function. Defeen tried to have Triclops lobotomized at the Imperial Reprogramming Institute. While imprisoned on the first Death Star, Princess Leia Organa remembered being threatened with being \"lobotomized and then taken to one of the barracks' pleasure houses\". An operation needed to lobotimize a Coruscani ogre and implant them with cybernetics was less expensive when compared to purchasing a new droid."@en . "2015-10-25"^^ . "A neurosurgical procedure consisting of cutting the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex of the brain. Name: Ward, Wilson Diagnosis: Schizophrenia Wilson was diagnosed with schizophrenia. It is a mental disorder that inflicts hallucinations, although the horror may feel unmistakably credible as it possesses your mentality and sinks its demonic teeth into the pulsing lobes of your brain.Wilson had been experiencing terrifying representations of our malicious world of which would torture his interpretation of what was real and what was horrifyingly fictional with the ability to transport itself into reality. He was repeatedly hospitalized during and after several schizophrenic events, eventually resulting in a duet of suicide attempts\u2026the troubled teenager could not say fuck my life"@en . "Lobotomy es un monstruo que aparece en Silent Hill: Revelation. Se ve brevemente en el Asilo Brookhaven."@es . "\"lobotomy\"'"@en . "Melee"@en . "A lobotomy or frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in neurology which frontal lobe consists of cutting or scraping the connections between the frontal lobe and the rest of the brain. Once a common treatment for psychiatric conditions, it is now generally believed to be useless for that purpose. Although the procedure did alleviate some symptoms, it also created neurological deficits in both personality and intellect, often resulting in total incapacitation or death. Since the development of anti-psychotics, the use of the procedure has been in steep decline."@en . . "A lobotomy is a surgical procedure where part of the brain is removed from a patient. On October 26, 1985, in the nightmarish alternate timeline where the alternate Emmett Brown had been committed, Doc disguised himself and traveled to the County Asylum. Pretending to be his counterpart's distant cousin, Mr. Von Braun, Doc bribed the asylum nurse to allow him to talk with his alternate self. He discovered that, at some point after being committed, his counterpart had been lobotomized."@en . "Lobotomy"@es . . . . . "In 1890, psychiatrist Gottlieb Burckhardt removed pieces of the frontal lobes of six patients in a psychiatric hospital in Switzerland. One died after the operation, and another was found dead in a river 10 days after release (whether by accident, suicide, or crime is unknown). The others exhibited altered behavior. As early as 1944, an author in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease could remark that: \"The history of prefrontal lobotomy has been brief and stormy. Its course has been dotted with both violent opposition and with slavish, unquestioning acceptance.\""@en . . . "*"@en . . . . "250"^^ . . . . "When Deadpool and the Punisher entered Lobotomy's bar together, a fight began and it ended with Lobotomy getting his head sliced off. Lobotomy and Deadpool met in the following comics: Deadpool: Suicide Kings #4"@en . . . "These procedures result in major personality changes beyond what is desired, and can cause severe mental disabilities. Lobotomies were used mainly in the 1930s to 1950s to treat a wide range of severe mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, clinical depression, and various anxiety disorders, as well as people who were considered a nuisance by demonstrating behavior characterized as, for example, \"moodiness\" or \"youthful defiance\". The patient's informed consent in the modern sense was not obtained. After the introduction of the antipsychotic Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), lobotomies fell out of common use and the procedure has since been characterized \"as one of the most barbaric mistakes ever perpetrated by mainstream medicine\"."@ru . "The Lobotomy is a monster appearing in Silent Hill: Revelation. It is seen briefly within Brookhaven Asylum."@en . . . . "A lobotomy was a neurosurgical procedure which consisted of cutting away most of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex. Among Vulcans, repressed memories caused a physical reaction within the brain which in extreme cases could lead to the mind of the patient literally lobotomizing itself. (VOY: \"Flashback\") In 2374, Tom Paris compared the Mari's plans to remove violent thoughts from B'Elanna Torres's brain to a lobotomy. (VOY: \"Random Thoughts\")"@en . . "A Community MVP on the EU forums. A welcome post was made on June 4, 2010 by Wryxian."@en . . . "default.asp?x=starwars/article/sw20030501ogre"@en . . . . . . "3693"^^ . . . . . "Lobotomy"@en . . . . . "For thousands of years people have experimented with the brain, trying (in vain) to stop it from producing mucus and other nostril products. During some of these helpless attempts to cure congestion many of the patients were found to have lost interest about their sinuses (or anything else for that matter). During the late 1800\u2019s doctors perfected this form of \u201Cworry removal\u201D by sawing ones skull open and taking out miscellaneous chunks of matter from the brain, the procedure was quite messy and many doctors where squeamish from all the blood and mucus. In the early 1950\u2019s Dr. Walter Lobotomizer perfected a new approach to lobotomies involving a ice pick, a hammer and your eye sockets, this approach revolutionised the speed of lobotomies, sometimes patients would get two in just one day. T"@en . "A Community MVP on the EU forums. A welcome post was made on June 4, 2010 by Wryxian."@en . . . . . "These procedures result in major personality changes beyond what is desired, and can cause severe mental disabilities. Lobotomies were used mainly in the 1930s to 1950s to treat a wide range of severe mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, clinical depression, and various anxiety disorders, as well as people who were considered a nuisance by demonstrating behavior characterized as, for example, \"moodiness\" or \"youthful defiance\". The patient's informed consent in the modern sense was not obtained. After the introduction of the antipsychotic Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), lobotomies fell out of common use and the procedure has since been characterized \"as one of the most barbaric mistakes ever perpetrated by mainstream medicine\"."@ru . . . . . "Community MVP"@en . . . "42716027329"^^ . "#647086; #dfebeb"@en . . . "eu"@en .